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UHF Radio Packet Modem
 
RPM3
The UHF Radio Packet Modem (RPM3) is a low cost intelligent radio packet modem that enables a two way radio network/link to be simply implemented between a number of digital devices. The RPM3 uses addressable data packets with error checking, packet acknowledgements and retransmissions to achieve a reliable transparent wireless data link. Built for ease of use and rapid installation, the serial interface ensures direct connection to microprocessors or to RS232 port via RS232 driver while remote configuration enables post installation setup of the modem.  

Figure 1: RPM3-914-17
Features
  • Addressable point-to-point mode
  • Point-to-Multipoint and broadcast modes
  • Inverted RS232 interface at 5V or 3V CMOS level
  • DTE speed 600-115200bps
  • Overall throughput: 17kbps with ACK and
                                      
    28kbps wothout ACK
  • Single 5V or 3V supply
  • 15mA during data streaming at maximum rate
  • Flow control - Hardware (CTS), none
  • Available in 869.85MHz (EU), 914.50MHz (North America)
  • Usable range up to 200m (650ft.)
  • No Duty Cycle Restriction
  • Built-in command line configuration
  • Built-in RF link diagnostics
  • Remote over-air unit configuration
  • Low operating current, Auto standby mode
  • Conforms to European ETSI EN 300 220-3 and EN 301 489-3
  • FCC approved (under part 15.249) - click here for Grant of Equipment Authorisation
  • Dimensions - 39 X 23 X 10 mm
Applications
  • Telemetry and telecontrol
  • EPOS equipment, barcode scanners, belt clip printers, stock control, job allocation
  • Remote data acquisition system, data loggers
  • In-building environmental monitoring and control system
  • High-end security and alarm signalling
  • Automated Monitoring and Control Systems
  • Fleet management, vehicle data acquisition
Evaluation Platform: SPM2/RPM Evaluation Kit
 
 

INTRODUCTION

The RPM3 is a self-contained radio modem module that requires only a simple antenna, 5V supply and a serial I/O port on a host microcontroller or PC.

The module provides all the RF circuits and processor intensive low level packet formatting and packet recovery functions required to inter-connect any number of devices with serial port in a radio network.

A continuous stream of serial data downloaded by a Host microcontroller into the RPM3 serial receive buffer is transmitted by the RPM3's transceiver and will "appear" in the serial buffer of the addressed RPM3 within radio range.


Figure 2: Point to point wireless link with RPM3 + Host microcontroller

 
1. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The RPM3 is a connection oriented modem module for sending and receiving serial data via an RF communications link.

The RPM3 handles all necessary protocol related functions of validation and retries to ensure error free and uninterrupted data is sent over the communications link. All data transfers between a pair of RPM3s are fully acknowledged, thus preventing the loss of data. Bit coding and checksums are used on the data packets to ensure the validity of the received data at the remote end.


Figure 3: RPM3 block diagram
 

1.1 OPERATING STATES

The RPM3 has three normal operating states:

· SHUTDOWN
· STANDBY
· CONNECTED

SHUTDOWN
The SHUTDOWN state is entered by asserting the WAKE/DTR input pin high (Vcc). It effectively forces the RPM3 into a suspended state. No communications can be made with the RPM3 in this state. WAKE/DTR pin should be pulled Low by host or connected to 0V to Enable the RPM3.

STANDBY
Immediately after power up and during normal operation, the RPM3 will automatically enter standby mode where it is waiting for a connection request from a remote RPM3 module.

While in this mode a remote connection request can be received which will place the RPM3 into a connected state allowing it to then start receiving data from the remote unit. The connected host device can also send data to the RPM3 via the serial interface which will force the module to send a connection request to the remote RPM3 module, thus effectively setting up a logical connection between two units and allowing data to be transferred.

CONNECTED
On receipt of a connection request from a remote unit, the RPM3 immediately enters a connected state. This effectively allows the RPM3 modems to start sending and receiving data.

In-coming data is sent to the host via the serial port in the same form as it was given to the remote RPM3 module.

 

Figure 4: RPM3 transmitting data at 28kbps during ZMODEM file transfer to a remote RPM3
 
2. THE HOST INTERFACE
2.1 SIGNALS

The connection to the RPM is a full duplex serial interface supporting baud rates from 600bps to 115200bps. Additional control signals are provided to assist in flow control, configuration and power saving in the RPM3.

 
Click on the image for EXPANDED VIEW Figure 3: Physical dimensions and pinouts
 
Pin name
Pin
Pin function
Input /Output
Description
RF GND 1, 3 RF signal ground - BNC casing/coax braid connection
RF 2 RF signal In/Out Antenna pin/coax core connection
RF SELECT 4 Receiver Select In/Out Internal RF Receiver Enable to BiM3A or RF Receiver Active Indicator
TX SELECT 5 Transmitter Select In/Out Internal RF Transmitter Enable to BiM3A or RF Transmitter Active Indicator
TXD/AF 7 Transmitted Data or demodulated signal In/Out Transmitted Packetised Data to BiM3A
Analogue Demodulated signal from BiM3A
D3 8 FRPC Data line NC Internal data line between RPM and FRPC
D2 9 FRPC Data line NC Internal data line between RPM and FRPC
SIGNAL 10 Preamble Detect Out Valid preamble indicator
RST 11 FRPC reset NC Resets FRPC which also isolates BiM3A
RXA 12 Receive Acknowledge NC RPM to FRPC download request acknowledge
RXR 13 Receive Request Out Valid Data packet indicator
RESET 14 Reset In Hardware reset of the RPM3
SETUP 15 Enter Setup In Enter RPM3 configurator after a RESET
WAKE/DTR 16 Wake or Shutdown In Wakes RPM3 when low, shuts down when high
TXD 17 Serial transmitted data In Host (DTE) to RPM3 serial transmit data
RXD 18 Serial Received data Out RPM3 to host (DTE) serial received data
CTS 19 Clear to Send Out Hardware flow control of data from host (DTE)
DEFAULT 20 Force 9600bps In Force the RPM3 serial interface to 9600bps
Vcc 21 Vcc Supply In +5VDC or +3VDC regulated supply
GND 6, 22 Ground - Supply Ground internally connected to RF GND
   
Notes: 1. RXD/TXD lines are true data
  2. Active low SETUP, DEFAULT inputs require external 10kW pullup to VCC
  3. Logic levels are 5V CMOS unless 3V variant is used
  4. WAKE pin should be pulled to ground if DTE cannot provide DTR signal
  5. TXSELECT, RXSELECT, SIGNAL, RXR, CTS can be connected to LEDs via 1kW series resistors
 
2.2 RADIO PACKET MODEM RESET

RESET
The Reset signal is internally pulled up to Vcc via a 10kW resistor. A reset aborts any transfers in progress and restarts the RPM3.

HOST DRIVEN RESET
Minimum low time: 1.0 ms, after reset is released (returned high). The host should allow a delay of 1ms after reset for the RPM3 to initialise itself.

 
2.3 HOST TO RADIO PACKET MODEM DATA TRANSFER

Data is transferred between the RPM3 and the HOST using an asynchronous serial protocol. The default protocol settings are 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit (8n1). The baud rate setting for the serial interface is user settable from 600bps to 115200bps.

TXD
Data from the connected host is received by the RPM3 through TXD pin.

CTS
A single handshake line, CTS, controls the flow of data into the RPM3. The serial receive buffer of the RPM3 is 96 bytes deep. The CTS will be asserted high (Vcc) by the RPM3 when the receive buffer hits approximately 66% full. It is advisable to limit the number of characters sent to the RPM3 after the CST control line is asserted. This will help to reduce the possibility of lost data due to internal buffer overruns in the RPM3. The RPM3 will clear the CTS when the internal serial receive buffer falls below 33% full.

RXD
Upon the RPM3 receiving data from a remote unit, the received data is sent to the connected host device through the RXD pin.

2.4 ENTERING RADIO PACKET MODEM CONFIGURATOR

Configuring the RPM3 is accomplished by using a built-in command line configurator. The configurator is entered by asserting the SETUP input of the RPM3 while resetting the RPM3.

SETUP
Holding SETUP low during a reset cycle will force the modem into the configurator. The state of this input is checked while the RPM3 starts up from either power on or reset.

HOST DRIVEN SETUP
The Setup pin may either be driven by the host (recommended) to enable host controlled configuration of the RPM3 or pulled up to VCC via a suitable pull-up resistor (10kW).

2.5 FORCING DEFAULT SERIAL BAUD RATE

Asserting this pin low forces the RPM3 to startup with a default baud rate of 9600bps, 8 data, one stop and no parity.

DEFAULT
During a RESET the HOST must hold DEFAULT low to force the RPM3 serial interface to default to 9600bps. This is ideal if the serial baud rate has been forgotten or incorrectly set.

HOST DRIVEN DEFAULT
The DEFAULT pin may either be driven by the host (recommended) or pulled up to VCC via a suitable pull-up resistor (10kW).

2.6 FORCING RADIO PACKET MODEM INTO SLEEP MODE

Asserting the WAKE input high forces the modem into a low power sleep mode. This effectively shuts down the RPM3 and prevents it from sending or receiving any data. It is a method for conserving power when the modem is not required.

WAKE/DTR
During normal operation WAKE pin can be pulled high to force the RPM3 to shutdown into low power sleep mode.

HOST DRIVEN WAKE
The WAKE pin may either be driven by the host (recommended) or pulled low to 0V.

 
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
General  
Operating Voltage 5VDC or 3VDC
Operating Current  
     ACKMODDE ON  
          Transmitting Average 15mA (Data streaming)
          Receiving Average 15mA (Data streaming)
     ACKMODDE ON (10mW)  
          Transmitting Average 14mA (Data streaming)
          Receiving Average 15mA (Data streaming)
     Auto standby 4mA (Waiting for Connection)
      Power down 70mA
           
Standard operating frequency 869.85MHz (EU)
914.50MHz (USA, Canada)
TX spectral bandwidth @ -40dBc 250kHz
   
Operating Temperature -20ºC to +70ºC
Configuring options Built-in command line configurator
   
Interface  
Serial Interface Inverted RS232 at 5V or 3 CMOS level
Serial Protocol 8 data/1 stop/no parity
Serial Signals RXD, TXD, CTS, WAKE
Power down Control Via WAKE/DTR signal
Serial Handshaking Selectable as CTS signal or none
DTE Interface Speed 600/1200/2400/4800/9600/19200/38400/57600/115200
Air Interface Speed 64kbps
Overall throughput
 
                   Acknowledged
17kbps (max); 3.6kbps (slots); 1.8kbps (slotsw)
                   Unacknowledged 28kbps (max); 3.6kbps (slots); 1.8kbps (slotsw)
   
Receiver  
Sensitivity -100 dBm for 1ppm BER
LO leakage (conducted)
-110dBm (max)
   
Transmitter  
Output Power (typical) +2dBm (Eu version)
-1dBm (US version)
Spurious Emissions -40dBm
NOTES:

1. RPM3 uses BiM3A (64kbps UHF Wide Band FM) transceiver for its RF interface. Please refer to BiM3A data sheet for further details on the RF specification.
2. BiM3A consumes 7mA on transmit and 11mA on receive

 
3.0 RADIO PACKET MODEM CONFIGURATION

3.1 ENTERING THE CONFIGURATOR

The RPM3 is configured by entering the built-in software configurator. Current argument can be displayed by entering parameter / command without argument

 
3.2 USER CONFIGURABLE PARAMETERS
CONFIG

Display a list of the current RPM3 configuration.
This wil also set FLOW control to none to enable simple 3 wire communication

Valid range None
DEFAULT Set all RPM3 configuration settings to their factory default values.
Valid range None
RESET Exit the modem and force a software reset.
Any changed parameters will take effect after the modem has restarted.
When exiting the configurator, the HOST device must ensure the SETUP pin is high otherwise the configurator will be re-entered after the reset.
Valid range None
UNIT Sets the unit number.
Two RPM3 modules can communicate with each other provided they have matching Unit numbers and Site codes.
default 0
Valid range 0 to 15
SITE Sets the Site address.
The site number is used to distinguish between groups of operating modems. The site code is an address extension to the unit number.
default 0
valid range 0 to 7
ADDR Updates the unit number value.
This command is used for changing the unit number in RAM without updating the unit number stored in EEPROM. This enables the RPM3 to support point-to-multipoint communications. Upon using this command the configurator is exited and the modem operation is resumed. The modem is not reset when the configurator is exited.
Valid range 0 to15
BAUD Sets the host interface baud rate.
The changed baud rate will take effect after resetting the RPM3.
default 9600
valid range 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200
THRUPUT Sets the on-air data throughput.
Three possible settings are provided.
Max: sets the maximum data throughput of the RPM3.
Slots: effectively reduces the on-air throughput. This opens up 'time slots' allowing other RPM3 pairs, operating within close proximity, equal opportunity to transmit data.
Slotsw: increases the 'time slots' even further to allow more RPM3 pairs to operate.
default max
valid range max, slots, slotsw
FLOW Sets the serial flow control between the host and RPM3.
Using no flow control enables the RPM3 to be used with a 3 wire serial link (TXD, RXD, GND). Care must be taken in order to prevent overflowing the 96 byte serial receive buffer in the RPM3.
Using hardware flow control enables the RPM3 to control the flow of serial data being received.
default

hw

valid range hw, none
SERDLY Sets the serial data receive to packet transmit delay.
When the RPM3 receives the first byte of data from the host, it starts a timer running. Either a full buffer of data to send or a timeout of this timer will allow the packet to be transmitted.
Fine tuning this delay for the baud rate the RPM3 is operating at can significantly increase throughput while reducing unnecessary transmissions.
default 2 (x10ms)
valid range 2 to 255 (x10ms)
SHDN Sets the action of the WAKE input.
Setting SHDN to ON will cause the RPM3 to monitor the WAKE input. When WAKE is taken high the RPM3 will be forced into low power sleep mode, thus reducing current consumption. Subsequently lowering the WAKE input will bring the RPM3 out of low power sleep mode.
SHDN should be set to OFF or WAKE pin should be pulled Low when the host (DTE) cannot provide DTR control signal to wake RPM3 in a 3-wire serial interface.
default on
valid range on, off
RETRY Sets the number of data retry attempts.
RF interference can cause a transmitted data packet to be lost or corrupt on reception. If this happens the RPM3 will retransmit any unacknowledged transfer. The transmission will be retried the specified number of times before the link to the remote unit is considered 'lost' and the data purged.
default 5
valid range 1 to 63
STRTMSG Enables the startup message.
The startup message is enabled by default, thus giving an immediate indication of the operation of the RPM3. The message can be disabled prior to deployment of the RPM3 module.
default On
valid range on, off
ACKMODE

Enables transfer acknowledgements.
This function enables packet transfer acknowledgements to be returned for every outgoing packet. Packet acknowledgements aid in the delivery of error free and consistent data transfers between a pair of modems. Disabling the acknowledgements results in higher data throughput between modems, but does not protect against lost data due to RF interference. It should be disabled while using RPM3 in a broadcast mode.

default On
valid range on, off
REMOTE Enables remote configuration.
Over-air remote configuration of a RPM3 module is possible once it has been enabled. The remote command is used to send remote configuration commands. See the following chapter for a overview of remotely configuring a RPM3 module.
default Off
valid range on, off
RADAR

Starts the radar test.
Used as a range or confidence test between RPM3 modules within the same site.

parameter Unit number between 0 and 15.
 
To configure the RPM3 the HyperTerminal should be set with the following settings.

Figure 6: Serial Port settings to use RPM3 Configurator
Hardware flow control should be disabled. Default baud rate of the RPM3 is 9600bps. However if the default baud rate of the RPM3 is changed then the baud rate of the HyperTerminal should be matched or DEFAULT pin should be pulled Low force the RPM3 baud rate to 9600bps.

Figure 7: RPM3 configuration using HyperTerminal
User configurable parameters described in section 3.2 should be entered in the command prompt > followed by Carriage Return (CR) key. Then SETUP should be pulled-up to VCC and RPM3 should be RESET to exit the configurator and for the new parameters to be used by RPM3.
 

4.0 EXTENDED RADIO PACKET MODEM FEATURES

4.1 THROUGHPUT

The RPM3 supports three rates, max (17kbps), slots (3.6kbps) and slotsw (1.8kbps), of over-air throughput

MAX: When set to maximum and streaming data at the RPM3, the data is sent as quick as possible. For host baud rates of 9600bps and above, data is transmitted continuously with minimal delay between sequential packets. When this occurs, there is effectively no airtime for another pair, operating in close proximity, to transmit without causing collisions. The maximum over-air throughput that can be achieved is 17kbps with ACK and 28kbps without ACK.


Figure 8: RPM3 pair streaming data without gap for another RPM3 pair
In Figure 8, RS232 serial data bytes accumulated in the receive buffer is transmitted as two 10kbps bursts by transmitting RPM3 with gaps just enough to receive ACK from receiving RPM3.
 

Figure 9: RPM3 pair streaming9600bps serial data with ACK at maximum throughput
For continuous data transmission at baud rates above 2400bps (with ACK) or 4800bps (without ACK), hardware flow control should be used to prevent the host from causing receive buffer overrun errors. RPM3 will signal CTS pin to stop/allow the host depending on its Receiver Buffer level.
 
SLOTS: Setting the throughput to SLOTS provides a method of opening 'time slot' for other RPM3 pairs operating in close proximity. The effective streaming on-air throughput between a pair of RPM3 is effectively reduced to approximately 3.6kbps (with/without ACK).

Figure 10: RPM3 operating in slots throughput mode
 
SLOTSW: This setting effectively widens the SLOTS, reducing the over-air throughput to approximately 600bps (with/without ACK). It allows more RPM3 pairs to share the same frequency. Host should obey CTS flow control signal from RPM3 when using SLOTS or SLOTSW mode.

Figure 11: RPM3 operating in slotsw throughput mode
Certain fast file transfer protocols like ZMODEM are not suitable for SLOTSW mode. KERMIT or similar protocol which tolerates wider time gaps between packets should be used in this mode.
 
4.2 REMOTE CONFIGURATION

Remote configuration of a RPM3 module is possible using the REMOTE command from within the configurator. The remote RPM3 unit should be on or in auto-standby mode.

Initially the REMOTE command is used to enable and disable the ability to remotely configure a module, as described in section 3.2: User Configurable Command.

Once remote configuration is enabled the REMOTE command is then used to issue configuration commands to a remote RPM3. The format for the remote command then becomes:

REMOTE <SERIAL NUMBER> <COMMAND> <PARAMETER>

The <SERIAL NUMBER> of the remote RPM3 must be known in order for the remote configuration request to be executed on the appropriate RPM3 module.

 

The <COMMAND> to be executed can be any of the following:

Baud 600,1200,2400,4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,115200
Unit 0 to 15
Site 0 to 7
Shdn on/off
Flow hw/none
Serdly 2 to 255
Retry 1 to 63
Signon on/off

The <PARAMETER> is optional, and if not specified the setting for that command is returned and displayed.

 
4.3 POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT

The RPM3 can be used for point-to-multipoint communications. One module must be considered to be the master, which is used to address up to 15 remote units in any one site.

During normal operation, the base unit can be set to address another unit dynamically by entering the configurator and using the ADDR command to change the unit address. Upon execution of this command, provided the parameters are correct, the configurator is exited immediately. A period ('.') is sent to the connected host device to indicate that the change has been registered and the RPM3 is now ready for communications to the new unit address.

ADDR is very similar to the Unit command, except that ADDR does not update the stored EEPROM unit value. As the EEPROM has a limited number of write cycles, using ADDR for addressing multiple units in a point to multipoint network is recommended. Also, the ADDR command will exit the configurator immediately, which is requires to resume communications very quickly.

 
4.4 BROADCAST MULTIDROP

The RPM3 has a broadcast mutidrop mode which provides a mechanism for building a large networks. This mode of operation is determined by the configuration command keyword ACKMODE being set to OFF.

In broadcast mutidrop mode, the RPM3 does not implement network layer functionality related to data packet routing, acknowledgement and retries. The connected host device should provide network layer functionality.

The site code and unit address is still used by the radio modem when working in broadcast multidrop mode. For a given multipoint network all radio modems within a group must contain the same site code and unit address.

 
4.5 RADAR: DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Built into the configurator is a diagnostic test suitable for range testing and link confidence testing. The Radar test effectively sends a small request packet to a remote unit then waits for a reply. The remote unit must not be in the configurator otherwise it will not respond.

Upon receipt of a positive response from the remote unit, a success is recorded before the process is repeated. This test will continue indefinitely until it is ended by a key press.

 
4.6 SpacePort Modem Error Handling

The RPM3's radio decoder module is deliberately non bit error tolerant, i.e. no attempt is made to repair corrupt data bits. All of the redundancy in the code is directed towards error checking. For an FM radio link using short packet lengths, packets are either 100% or so grossly corrupt as to be unrecoverable. By the same reasoning, the Host is not informed or sent corrupt data since corrupt information is of little value. The RPM3 implements packet acknowledges, timeouts and re-transmission accomplish reliable error handling.

 
Ordering Information
RPM3 issue 2 will be supplied as standard.
Part number
(European: 869.85MHz)
Supply SMA connector SMA Antenna
RPM3-869-17
5V
-
-
RPM3-869-17-3V
3V
-
-
 
RPM3-869-17-SMA
5V
Yes
No
RPM3-869-17-3V-SMA
3V
Yes
No
       
RPM3-869-17-ANT
5V
Yes
Yes
RPM3-869-17-3V-ANT
3V
Yes
Yes

Part number
(North American: 914.5MHz)
Supply RPSMA connector RPSMA Antenna
RPM3-914-17
5V
-
-
RPM3-914-17-3V
3V
-
-
 
RPM3-914-17-RPS
5V
Yes
No
RPM3-914-17-3V-RPS
3V
Yes
No
       
RPM3-914-17-ANT
5V
Yes
Yes
RPM3-914-17-3V-ANT
3V
Yes
Yes

Note:
1. Standard RPM3 module will be supplied with neither the connector nor antenna and RF pin (2).

2. If an SMA (or Reverse Polarity SMA) connector or 1/4 wavelength wire antenna is soldered on the protruding PCB section for SMA connector, then the RF pin (2) should be cropped with side cutters for better RF performance.

3. If the RF output is going to be taken from the RF pin (2) to on-board antenna or connector on the host PCB (motherboard) via 50W microstrip, the protruding section of the RPM3 PCB can be cut along the width of the RPM3 to remove the redundant connector section.

4. RPM3 is supplied with 7mm long pins which need to be trimmed to mount the module as close as possible to the host PCB (motherboard). Ideally, the black coloured plastic spacer on the RPM3 pinheader should be touching (resting on) the host PCB.

5. North American version can also be supplied with SMA connector and antenna. However, only the RSPMA antenna version is approved under FCC Part 15.249.

 
Appendix
Click on the image for EXPANDED VIEWFigure 7: Example circuit to make radio modem with DCE type RS232 interface
Click on the image for EXPANDED VIEW
 

Limitation of liability

The information furnished by Radiometrix Ltd is believed to be accurate and reliable. Radiometrix Ltd reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its subassembly products without notice. Radiometrix Ltd does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. This data sheet neither states nor implies warranty of any kind, including fitness for any particular application. These radio devices may be subject to radio interference and may not function as intended if interference is present. We do NOT recommend their use for life critical applications.
The Intrastat commodity code for all our modules is: 8542 6000.

R&TTE Directive

After 7 April 2001 the manufacturer can only place finished product on the market under the provisions of the R&TTE Directive. Equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive may demonstrate compliance to the essential requirements specified in Article 3 of the Directive, as appropriate to the particular equipment.
Further details are available on The Office of Communications (Ofcom) web site:
Licensing policy manual

*** End of RPM3 data sheet ***
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